Oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg of the aqueous and methanol extracts of roots, leaves, seeds and barks of Syzygium cuminii in alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p.) induced diabetic male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, for 21 days resulted in a statistically significant (P variation 0.05 to 0.001) reduction in blood glucose level and biochemical parameters in dose dependent manner. They also prevented decrease in body weight. Oral administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of leaves (AL) in the oral glucose tolerance test on streptozotocin (STZ 75 mg/kg i.p.) induced diabetes, in experimental diabetes induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p.) and streptozotocin (70 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) hypoglycemic activity. The safety profiles of extracts confirmed by acute toxicity study on mice and sub-chronic toxicity of AL extract on male rats. On the basis of these investigations, we may partially conclude that the S. cuminii leaves could be a potent anti-diabetic agent. {*Corresspondece to Mr. Lokesh Deb, Scientist, Pharmacology Laboratory and Animal Cell Culture Unit, Pharmacology and Natural Product Chemistry Programme, Medicinal Plant and Horticultural Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal, Manipur, India - lokeshdeb.ibsd@nic.in} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):135-45}

In an endeavor to pursuit new strategies beyond conventional ones, energetically optimized, structure based pharmacophore was used for in silico anticonvulsant screening in present investigation. The study combines pharmacophore perception with protein-ligand interactions (docking) computed by BioPredicta and MolSign of VLife Molecular Design Suite 4.3.0. We derived energy-optimized pharmacophoric features for six anticonvulsants relevant to (E)-(±) 3-menthone derivatives (J6, J14, J25, J30, J32, J33) to access novel and potent GABA-AT inhibitors. Docking produced the most cases (5/6) with score greater then Vigabatrin, a well known GABA-AT inhibitor with proven clinical anticonvulsant efficacy. The docking results suggest the probable mechanism of anticonvulsant action that leverages the strong H-bonding (LYS329ARG192A) and π-stacking interactions (PHE189A) with GABA-AT receptor. {*Corresspondence to Dr. Jainendra Jain, Principal & Professor, RamEesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India - jainendrem@gmail.com} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):146-56}

The present investigation undertook a study on BCS class II drug, Carvedilol (CRL), a nonselective beta-blocker indicated in the treatment of congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, hypertension, using 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) as carrier and Kollidon® 30 as auxiliary substance. The formulations were prepared using physical mixing, kneading and freeze drying method and evaluated for percent drug incorporation, solubility studies, in vitro dissolution studies, DSC, XRD and FTIR studies. Among all solid systems, formulation prepared by freeze drying method using equimolar ratio of CRL to HPβCD with 0.5% w/v of Kollidon® 30 showed significant modifications in the physicochemical properties and exhibited almost complete drug release within 10 min. The studies concluded that the addition of small amount of water soluble polymer as third auxiliary substance during complexation could display tremendous enhancement in release characteristics of poorly water soluble drugs exhibiting significant pharmaceutical potential in the development of better commercial products over existing dosage forms. {Corresspondence to Dr. Sunita Dahiya, HOD & Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India - drsunitadahiya@gmail.com} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):128-34}

The present article highlights the pharmaceutical and physiological effect of purified β-glucan from an edible mushroom (Pleuratus florida) as an immunomodulator on the innate immune responses in broiler. Also, mushroom glucan as a feed supplement significantly provides protection against disease. This article portrays the potentiality of β-glucan (mushroom origin) as an immunostimulant in poultry. {*Corresspondence to Dr. Subha Ganguly, Scientist, AICRP on Post Harvest Technology (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Panchasayar, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India - ganguly38@gmail.com} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):125-7}

The aim of present study was to prepare sustained release Eudragit® RS 100 microspheres containing lornoxicam using emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The influence of drug concentration, polymer concentration, emulsifier concentration and stirring speed on particle size, shape, % yield, entrapment efficiency and in vitro release characteristics of microspheres were investigated. SEM studies confirmed that microspheres were spherical and uniform in shape. The results showed that % yield, particle size and entrapment efficiency of prepared microspheres was found to be in the range of 68.75±0.82 to 84.83±0.88%, 132.52±5.24 to 214.92±4.24 μm and 65.18±1.66 to 85.28±1.60% respectively. It was found that particle size and entrapment efficiency of microspheres were enhanced with increasing polymer ratio but reduced with increasing stirring speed and surfactant concentration. The in vitro release studies showed that Eudragit® RS 100 microspheres showed sustained effect up to 12 h. {*Corresspondence to Dr. Mohan Lal Kori, Principal & Professor, Vedica College of B. Pharmacy, A Constituent Institute of RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India - mlkori.research@gmail.com} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):112-20}

The intellectual property rights (IPR) provides legal protection to intellectual property and have considerable value in economy. Various forms of IPR include patents, trademarks, copyrights, exclusive marketing rights and compulsory licensing. After the advent of printing and multimedia technology for storage and communication, the concept of copyright has changed and become more complex and important. IPR also provides opportunities to be successful where there is chance to exploit or disseminate intellectual property rights using new technologies. There has been necessary legal amendments time to time in various IPR forms. However, intellectual property related contract should be interpreted in a restrictive way. Present article highlights some of the significant aspects involved in commercialization of intellectual property in current scenario. {Corresspondence to Dr. Ramesh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Institute of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India - rameshsirohi@yahoo.co.in} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):107-11}

The introduction of an isoxazole ring system in a steroidal moiety may leads to the formation of drugs of medicinal importance. In view of therapeutic importance of these steroidal heterocycles, we report the synthesis of cholest-4-eno[2,3-d]isoxazole from cholesterol. The synthesized compound were screened for their antifungal activity by Serial plate dilution method, using Fluconazole as standard drug against dimorphic fungal strain C. albicans and other fungal strain A. niger in the concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml in DMF (solvent). Synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial activity. {*Corresspondence to Mr. Latit Kumar Pareta, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Geetanjali University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India - lalitpareta@gmail.com} {Bull. Pharm. Res., 2013;3(3):121-4}